托福考試新規則：考生應多注意 |
| (中央社訊息服務20130207 17:06:55) 托福（TOEFL）考試對於要出國留學的學生，是非重要且困難的考試，因此大家也衍伸出很多考試的準備題庫規則。其中最有名的就是俗稱機經的猜題預測，但是由於目前考試的規則變化很大，因此上一次的考試中，並沒有人命中考試範圍。 哈佛英文楊老師表示：因為1/27及2/3考題超出以往題庫預測範圍：而出題範圍是近六個月以來中國及北美考題，並加上中國二月份並無托福考試，所以針對2/16以及2/24兩場考試，哈佛英文中心做出以下的預測：考試範圍會從更大的題庫範圍中選出，週六的考試更容易會出現超出題庫範圍的情形，但是目前進行的考試場數不到20場，這更增加考試出題範圍的變動性、難預測性，哈佛依然幫同學將這些可能會出的範圍，整理出來讓同學方便複習。 此外，哈佛托福名師也特別提醒同學，機經是很好的練習因為它包含了真正的考古題，但是不可過於的依賴它! 關鍵還是要提升實力。而且，機經最重要的是寫作和口語，提前準備好思路，儲備好關鍵字，對考場的發揮還是很有幫助的。對於考試機經有興趣同學請訂閱哈佛電子報http://eepurl.com/hzXE-/ ，或是加入我們粉絲團https://www.facebook.com/howardstudy?ref=ts 部落格http://howardstudy.blogspot.tw/ ，如有更多問題，請電（02）2389-6403哈佛英文或上網www.howardstudy.com.tw 了解。 訊息來源：哈佛留學服務有限公司 |
2013年2月7日 星期四
托福考試新規則：考生應多注意
Pchome
蕃薯藤
Msn
Hinet
新浪網
2012年5月25日 星期五
補教業者 針對學生於托福考試弱點 開發新平台
(中央社訊息服務20120525 17:27:19)根據哈佛英文留遊學中心對學生的訪問以及統計，同學在面對托福考試時常常會遭遇到的難題，
就是在於口說以及寫作方面的問題。
根據曾經獲取托福滿分的彭湘平老師表示：托福考試中最難突破的便是口說、寫作的部份，而如果同學想要在這兩項科目有所突破，
斬獲高分最需要的便是大量練習、使自己熟悉考試題型，增快自身的反應速度，如此才能在托福考試中取得自己理想的分數。
而哈佛英文留遊學中心為了提供同學大量練習的機會，特別開發了哈佛英文數位學習中心提供多組題目給予同學大量練習口說以及寫作的
機會，並且是線上平台使同學不必出門也能輕鬆練習口說，日後還會加上批改功能、讓同學能更清楚明白自身弱點，針對弱點做調整來面
對考試。即日起到5/31為止於http://www.toefl120.com.tw/jnlphelp/ 即可測試使用。
詳細情形可以洽詢哈佛留遊學中心，(02)2389-6403，www.howardstudy.com.tw。
訊息來源：哈佛留學服務有限公司
2011年8月31日 星期三
新制GRE-ISSUE題目翻譯分類(6)
I. Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position. (12/149)
10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.
國家的政府應該保存在他們國土的野生地區，儘管這些地方可以發展為有潛力的經濟成長區。(10, 125, 148)
12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.
政府應該提供免費的大學教育給已錄取但無法負擔學費的學生。
14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應要求學生修習全國統一的課程直到他們進入大學以前。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.
社會應該努力於保護頻臨絕種物種，前提是他們潛在滅絕的原因是人類活動。(類似31, 63, 67)
35. Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育機構有責任去勸阻學生追求學習他們不太可能成功的領域。( (3, 35, 137)
72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.
政府不該資助任何結果未明的科學研究。(36, 72)
73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.
學校應該要求教職員花時間在與他們教學有關的專業領域。
98. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.
教育機構應該積極鼓勵他們的學生選擇未來工作機會多的領域學習(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
100. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
大學應該要求學生至少花費一學期研習於國外。(82, 97, 100, 124)
102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study.
大學應要求學生學習多種課程，非相關該學生領域的研究(學習)。(112, 3, 70, 46, 140, 102)
135. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.
教育機構應該積極鼓勵學生選擇領域是幫助他們進入有利可圖的行業。(類似136)(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
149. In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should be required to step down after five years.
在任何專業領域--商業、政治、教育、政府，這些掌握權力的人們應該在五年後辭職、退休。(8, 111, 149)
10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.
國家的政府應該保存在他們國土的野生地區，儘管這些地方可以發展為有潛力的經濟成長區。(10, 125, 148)
12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.
政府應該提供免費的大學教育給已錄取但無法負擔學費的學生。
14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應要求學生修習全國統一的課程直到他們進入大學以前。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.
社會應該努力於保護頻臨絕種物種，前提是他們潛在滅絕的原因是人類活動。(類似31, 63, 67)
35. Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育機構有責任去勸阻學生追求學習他們不太可能成功的領域。( (3, 35, 137)
72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.
政府不該資助任何結果未明的科學研究。(36, 72)
73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.
學校應該要求教職員花時間在與他們教學有關的專業領域。
98. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.
教育機構應該積極鼓勵他們的學生選擇未來工作機會多的領域學習(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
100. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
大學應該要求學生至少花費一學期研習於國外。(82, 97, 100, 124)
102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study.
大學應要求學生學習多種課程，非相關該學生領域的研究(學習)。(112, 3, 70, 46, 140, 102)
135. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.
教育機構應該積極鼓勵學生選擇領域是幫助他們進入有利可圖的行業。(類似136)(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
149. In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should be required to step down after five years.
在任何專業領域--商業、政治、教育、政府，這些掌握權力的人們應該在五年後辭職、退休。(8, 111, 149)
新制GRE-ISSUE題目翻譯分類(5)
I. Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. (16/149
7. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.
一些人相信政府補助藝術是應該的，以確保藝術可以興盛，並可供給大眾。其他人相信政府補助威脅到了藝術的完整性。
16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.
有些人認為政治領袖必須順從民意並且妥協放棄原則來確保運行的效率。其他人相信領導者的最重要的特質本質是可以堅持特有的原則和目標。
20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
一些人認為大學生在選擇領域上應該只考慮自身能力與興趣。其他人覺得大學生應該選擇好找工作的領域學習(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
67. Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.
有人認為社會應該試著保存各種植物、物種，不管有多耗工、時間和財力。有人認為社會不需要做出額外努力，尤其花費大量的金錢精力，去保存頻臨絕種的物種。(類似31, 63, 67)
68. Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.
有些人認為教育的目的是心靈的解放。而有些人認為正規的教育傾向於局限我們的身心，而非解放。
69. Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.
有些人認為這是應該的，甚至是可取的當政治領導對大眾保留部分資訊。相對來說，有些人認為大眾應該有權知道全部資訊。
85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.
部分的人認為為了興盛，社會一定要將其整體的成功至於個人福祉之前。反之，有些人認為社會的興盛與否，可藉由全體人民的福祉來衡量。(類似28, 113, 121, 127, 145)
86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.
有些人認為政府官員應該順從民意施政。其他人則認為官員應該以他們自身的判斷來下決定。(50, 86)
109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.
一部分的人認為科學發展使我們更了解我們的世界。有些人則認為科學發展揭露出的世界遠超過我們所能理解的無止境且複雜。
121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.
有些人認為可以由一個國家的執政者、藝術家或科學家的成就來判斷這是否是個偉大的國家。另外一些人則聲稱國家偉大與否的指標是人民是否安康。(28, 113, 121, 127, 145)
125. Some people claim that a nation’s government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.
有些人認為政府應該保存在他們國土內的野生區域。有些人認為這些地方應該發展為有潛力的經濟成長區。(10, 125, 148)
128. Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.
一部分的人認為在政府、企業或其他領域中，成功的領導者一定要有好勝心。其他人則認為為了確保成功，領導者必須有意願和能力去協調合作他人。
130. Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.
有些人認為企業應該有責任去促進社會和環境的福祉。有些人則認為企業唯一的責任是，在合法運作下，儘可能的賺錢。
132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.
有些人主張大量的使用科技，明顯減少人與人的互動。其他人則主張科技提供我們新的更好的方式去與人互動，並與他人連結。
138. Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.
有些人認為追求高分激勵學生在課堂有更佳的表現。一些人則認為一味的競爭嚴重的限制了真正的學習品質。
140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.
有些人認為大學應該要求學生學習非自身主修領域的課程。有些人主張大學不該強迫學生去修習任何課程，除了那些會幫助他們未來在自己工作領域的準備的課程。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
7. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.
一些人相信政府補助藝術是應該的，以確保藝術可以興盛，並可供給大眾。其他人相信政府補助威脅到了藝術的完整性。
16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.
有些人認為政治領袖必須順從民意並且妥協放棄原則來確保運行的效率。其他人相信領導者的最重要的特質本質是可以堅持特有的原則和目標。
20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
一些人認為大學生在選擇領域上應該只考慮自身能力與興趣。其他人覺得大學生應該選擇好找工作的領域學習(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
67. Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.
有人認為社會應該試著保存各種植物、物種，不管有多耗工、時間和財力。有人認為社會不需要做出額外努力，尤其花費大量的金錢精力，去保存頻臨絕種的物種。(類似31, 63, 67)
68. Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.
有些人認為教育的目的是心靈的解放。而有些人認為正規的教育傾向於局限我們的身心，而非解放。
69. Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.
有些人認為這是應該的，甚至是可取的當政治領導對大眾保留部分資訊。相對來說，有些人認為大眾應該有權知道全部資訊。
85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.
部分的人認為為了興盛，社會一定要將其整體的成功至於個人福祉之前。反之，有些人認為社會的興盛與否，可藉由全體人民的福祉來衡量。(類似28, 113, 121, 127, 145)
86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.
有些人認為政府官員應該順從民意施政。其他人則認為官員應該以他們自身的判斷來下決定。(50, 86)
109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.
一部分的人認為科學發展使我們更了解我們的世界。有些人則認為科學發展揭露出的世界遠超過我們所能理解的無止境且複雜。
121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.
有些人認為可以由一個國家的執政者、藝術家或科學家的成就來判斷這是否是個偉大的國家。另外一些人則聲稱國家偉大與否的指標是人民是否安康。(28, 113, 121, 127, 145)
125. Some people claim that a nation’s government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.
有些人認為政府應該保存在他們國土內的野生區域。有些人認為這些地方應該發展為有潛力的經濟成長區。(10, 125, 148)
128. Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.
一部分的人認為在政府、企業或其他領域中，成功的領導者一定要有好勝心。其他人則認為為了確保成功，領導者必須有意願和能力去協調合作他人。
130. Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.
有些人認為企業應該有責任去促進社會和環境的福祉。有些人則認為企業唯一的責任是，在合法運作下，儘可能的賺錢。
132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.
有些人主張大量的使用科技，明顯減少人與人的互動。其他人則主張科技提供我們新的更好的方式去與人互動，並與他人連結。
138. Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.
有些人認為追求高分激勵學生在課堂有更佳的表現。一些人則認為一味的競爭嚴重的限制了真正的學習品質。
140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.
有些人認為大學應該要求學生學習非自身主修領域的課程。有些人主張大學不該強迫學生去修習任何課程，除了那些會幫助他們未來在自己工作領域的準備的課程。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
新制GRE-ISSUE題目翻譯分類(4)
I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position. (24/149)
6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應該要求全部學生學習全國統一課程直到他們進入大學。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.
政府應該專注於解決現今立即性的問題，而非試著去解決未來的問題。
23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.
政府不應該對科學研究和發展上有太多限制。
25. Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.
政府應該提供大學教育免費給學生
36. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.
政府不應該資助任何結果不明的科學研究。(36, 72)
37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.
社會應該識別那些有特殊才能的孩子並在他們小時候就給予訓練去發展他們的才能。
39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.
大學生應該被鼓勵去追求使他們有興趣的題目(學科)，而非看似最有工作機會的課程。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98)
46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study.
大學應該要求每個學生去修習各種非本科系的領域。(3, 13, 46, 70, 102, 112, 140)
47. Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.
教育者應該找出學生想要甚麼，並加入到課程中， 提供給學生。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
教育者應該只教導事實，前提是在學生已學習研究過觀念、趨勢和概念去解釋事實以後。(48, 92)
50. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.
政府官員應該依靠他們自己的判斷而非無疑問地實行人民的意願。(50,86)
51. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.
年輕人應該被鼓勵去追求長遠而實際的目標，而不是尋求立即的名聲和認同。(71)
52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
最好教導方式是讚美正面行為，並且忽略負面行為。(24, 29)
54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.
為了成為全人，全部大學生應該被要求去學習詩集、小說、神話和其他富有想像力的文學課程。
59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.
科學家和其他研究者應該專注於研究那些會有助於最大數人的領域。
60. Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.
政治家應該追求大眾化且合理的協定，而非虛無飄渺的理想。
61. People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.
人們應該承擔冒險的行動，前提是在他們已經小心考慮事情的後果。
80. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.
當眾多的人民處於飢餓和失業時，國家應該終止對藝術的政府補助。(88, 80)
81. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children’s schools.
全部的父母皆應該被要求去孩子的學校當一段時間的志工。(81, 95)
82. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
大學應該要求學生至少花一學期的時間在國外念書。(82, 97, 100, 124)
83. Teachers’ salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.
教師的薪水應該決定於他們學生的學術表現。(30, 83)
90. Educators should take students’ interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.
教育者應將學生的興趣納入設計課程內容之考量。(40, 90)
92. Educators should base their assessment of students’ learning not on students’ grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.
教育者評估學生的能力應該依據學生是否有能力解釋這些概念、趨勢以及這些事實展現的概念，而非單純的掌握這些事實。(48, 92)
129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
大學生應該以工作考量來決定所要選擇學習的領域。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應該要求全部學生學習全國統一課程直到他們進入大學。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.
政府應該專注於解決現今立即性的問題，而非試著去解決未來的問題。
23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.
政府不應該對科學研究和發展上有太多限制。
25. Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.
政府應該提供大學教育免費給學生
36. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.
政府不應該資助任何結果不明的科學研究。(36, 72)
37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.
社會應該識別那些有特殊才能的孩子並在他們小時候就給予訓練去發展他們的才能。
39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.
大學生應該被鼓勵去追求使他們有興趣的題目(學科)，而非看似最有工作機會的課程。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98)
46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study.
大學應該要求每個學生去修習各種非本科系的領域。(3, 13, 46, 70, 102, 112, 140)
47. Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.
教育者應該找出學生想要甚麼，並加入到課程中， 提供給學生。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.
教育者應該只教導事實，前提是在學生已學習研究過觀念、趨勢和概念去解釋事實以後。(48, 92)
50. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.
政府官員應該依靠他們自己的判斷而非無疑問地實行人民的意願。(50,86)
51. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.
年輕人應該被鼓勵去追求長遠而實際的目標，而不是尋求立即的名聲和認同。(71)
52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
最好教導方式是讚美正面行為，並且忽略負面行為。(24, 29)
54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.
為了成為全人，全部大學生應該被要求去學習詩集、小說、神話和其他富有想像力的文學課程。
59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.
科學家和其他研究者應該專注於研究那些會有助於最大數人的領域。
60. Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.
政治家應該追求大眾化且合理的協定，而非虛無飄渺的理想。
61. People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.
人們應該承擔冒險的行動，前提是在他們已經小心考慮事情的後果。
80. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.
當眾多的人民處於飢餓和失業時，國家應該終止對藝術的政府補助。(88, 80)
81. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children’s schools.
全部的父母皆應該被要求去孩子的學校當一段時間的志工。(81, 95)
82. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
大學應該要求學生至少花一學期的時間在國外念書。(82, 97, 100, 124)
83. Teachers’ salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.
教師的薪水應該決定於他們學生的學術表現。(30, 83)
90. Educators should take students’ interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.
教育者應將學生的興趣納入設計課程內容之考量。(40, 90)
92. Educators should base their assessment of students’ learning not on students’ grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.
教育者評估學生的能力應該依據學生是否有能力解釋這些概念、趨勢以及這些事實展現的概念，而非單純的掌握這些事實。(48, 92)
129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
大學生應該以工作考量來決定所要選擇學習的領域。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
新制GRE-ISSUE題目翻譯分類(3)
I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (19/149)
5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.
主張：政府應該確保他們主要城市獲得財政支援它們繁榮所須。
理由：國家的文化傳統主要被保存於城市中。
8. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
主張：在任何領域中--商業、政治、教育、管理，那些掌權者應該在掌權五年後下台。
理由：對任何事業的復興，最正確的道路是藉由新領導風格(階層)的產生。(8, 111, 149)
22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals.
主張：最佳的辦法，去了解社會特質是檢視該社會視為英雄與模範的人們。
理由：英雄和模範顯現出一個社會最高的理想、典型。
40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.
主張：當規劃課程，教育者應該將學生的興趣與建議納入考量。
理由：當學生對於他們的學習有興趣時，會更有學習的動力。(40, 90)
44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.
主張：現在已不可能讓社會承認當代人是英雄。
理由：任何人的名聲都容易受媒體的檢閱將無可避免的被降低聲譽。
49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
主張：我們通常可以學到較多，由有共同想法的人們，而非想法牴觸者。
理由：意見不一會導致壓力與約束學習。
70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.
主張：大學應該要求學生學習非自身主修相關多樣化的課程。
理由：學到(養成)多樣化學科的知識是最好的方式去真正的受到教育。
79. Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.
主張：對論證最好的測試就是去說服那些持相反意見的人。
理由：只有藉由被迫去辯護想法，對抗他人的懷疑與不同的見解， 才會發現這個想法 的價值。
87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future. Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.
主張：當任何資訊被視為事實時應該保持懷疑，因為在未來它可能被證明是錯誤。
理由：許多資訊人們假設為真，事實上，結果證明為不精確的
88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people’s basic needs are not being met.
主張：國家應該暫緩政府資金在藝術方面，當她的人民多數是處於飢餓和失業時。
理由：在當人們的基本需求未被滿足時，動用公眾資源來補助藝術，是不適當的，甚至是
殘忍的。(88, 80)
89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people’s hearts or minds.
主張：許多現代社會問題無法靠法律和司法系統解決。
理由：法律無法改變人們心中的想法。
105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.
主張：想像力比經驗更有價值
理由：缺乏經驗的人可以自由的想像可能的事物，不被既定的習慣和看法限制。
113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.
主張：偉大國家的最好指標不是統治者、藝術家、或科學家的成就。
理由：偉大國家的最好指標事實上是人民的福祉、幸福。(28, 113, 127, 145, 121)
120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: Great achievements by a nation’s rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation’s people.
主張：偉大國家的最好指標必定是統治者、藝術家、或科學家的成就。
理由：統治者、藝術家、或科學家的偉大成就將會確保多數人的幸福。
131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application. Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
主張：研究者不該限制調查、研究於他們期盼會發現立即有實用應用的事。
理由：對於研究的預測是不可能有任何必然結果的。
133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.
主張：了解過去無法幫助人們做出重要的決定，今日。
理由：現在的世界比相對最近的過去更為複雜。
134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.
主張：了解過去無法幫助人們做出重要的決定，今日。
理由：我們無法做出現在事件和過去事件的連結，直到我們與兩者皆有一定時間後。
139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts. Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
主張：重要的政治決策應該永遠交給政治家或其他政府專家。
理由：政治家和政府專家有較多資訊，因此相較於其他一般大眾有較佳的判斷和觀點。
142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students. Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
主張：大學應該具指定所有的必修課程並消除選修課程，以提供學生明確的引導。
理由：大學生 – 如一般大眾一樣 -- 較喜歡聽從指示而非自己做決定。
5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.
主張：政府應該確保他們主要城市獲得財政支援它們繁榮所須。
理由：國家的文化傳統主要被保存於城市中。
8. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
主張：在任何領域中--商業、政治、教育、管理，那些掌權者應該在掌權五年後下台。
理由：對任何事業的復興，最正確的道路是藉由新領導風格(階層)的產生。(8, 111, 149)
22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals.
主張：最佳的辦法，去了解社會特質是檢視該社會視為英雄與模範的人們。
理由：英雄和模範顯現出一個社會最高的理想、典型。
40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.
主張：當規劃課程，教育者應該將學生的興趣與建議納入考量。
理由：當學生對於他們的學習有興趣時，會更有學習的動力。(40, 90)
44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.
主張：現在已不可能讓社會承認當代人是英雄。
理由：任何人的名聲都容易受媒體的檢閱將無可避免的被降低聲譽。
49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
主張：我們通常可以學到較多，由有共同想法的人們，而非想法牴觸者。
理由：意見不一會導致壓力與約束學習。
70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.
主張：大學應該要求學生學習非自身主修相關多樣化的課程。
理由：學到(養成)多樣化學科的知識是最好的方式去真正的受到教育。
79. Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.
主張：對論證最好的測試就是去說服那些持相反意見的人。
理由：只有藉由被迫去辯護想法，對抗他人的懷疑與不同的見解， 才會發現這個想法 的價值。
87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future. Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.
主張：當任何資訊被視為事實時應該保持懷疑，因為在未來它可能被證明是錯誤。
理由：許多資訊人們假設為真，事實上，結果證明為不精確的
88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people’s basic needs are not being met.
主張：國家應該暫緩政府資金在藝術方面，當她的人民多數是處於飢餓和失業時。
理由：在當人們的基本需求未被滿足時，動用公眾資源來補助藝術，是不適當的，甚至是
殘忍的。(88, 80)
89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people’s hearts or minds.
主張：許多現代社會問題無法靠法律和司法系統解決。
理由：法律無法改變人們心中的想法。
105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.
主張：想像力比經驗更有價值
理由：缺乏經驗的人可以自由的想像可能的事物，不被既定的習慣和看法限制。
113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.
主張：偉大國家的最好指標不是統治者、藝術家、或科學家的成就。
理由：偉大國家的最好指標事實上是人民的福祉、幸福。(28, 113, 127, 145, 121)
120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: Great achievements by a nation’s rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation’s people.
主張：偉大國家的最好指標必定是統治者、藝術家、或科學家的成就。
理由：統治者、藝術家、或科學家的偉大成就將會確保多數人的幸福。
131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application. Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
主張：研究者不該限制調查、研究於他們期盼會發現立即有實用應用的事。
理由：對於研究的預測是不可能有任何必然結果的。
133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.
主張：了解過去無法幫助人們做出重要的決定，今日。
理由：現在的世界比相對最近的過去更為複雜。
134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.
主張：了解過去無法幫助人們做出重要的決定，今日。
理由：我們無法做出現在事件和過去事件的連結，直到我們與兩者皆有一定時間後。
139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts. Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
主張：重要的政治決策應該永遠交給政治家或其他政府專家。
理由：政治家和政府專家有較多資訊，因此相較於其他一般大眾有較佳的判斷和觀點。
142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students. Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
主張：大學應該具指定所有的必修課程並消除選修課程，以提供學生明確的引導。
理由：大學生 – 如一般大眾一樣 -- 較喜歡聽從指示而非自己做決定。
新制GRE-ISSUE題目翻譯分類(2)
I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position. (24/149)
3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育機構有責任去勸阻學生學習他們不太可能成功的領域。(3, 35, 137)
4. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
醜聞在引起我們的注意於問題上，會比演說者或改革者有效的多了。
13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study.
大學應要求學生學習多種非自身領域的課程。(112, 3, 70, 46, 140, 102)
15. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.
教育機構應該積極地鼓勵他們的學生去選擇有利於從事多金行業的學習領域。(類似136)(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
29. The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
最好的教學辦法 – 不管以教育家、員工、或父母，是讚賞正面行為，並忽略負 面的(24類似)
30. Teachers’ salaries should be based on their students’ academic performance.
教師的薪水應該根據於學生的學術成就。(30 ,83)
32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
大學生應該以學習(研究)領域對於工作的可得性來選擇他們的學習。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.
社會中的個人，有責任去遵守公正的法律和不遵守並抵制不公正的法律。
84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.
現在已不再可能讓社會視任何當代的人為英雄。(類似75)
94. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by examining the well- being of that country’s citizens.
國家領導者的成效是由國民的福祉來驗證。(同147)
95. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children’s schools.
所有家長應被要求去他們孩子的學校當志工。(81, 95)
96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應該要求全部學生研習全國相同課程，直到進入大學。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
97. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
學院與大學應該要求它們的學生花至少一學期在國外學習。(82, 97, 100, 124)
99. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
人的所作所為絕大部分是受外力影響，而非出自於自由意志。(同11)
104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
成為一個有力的領導者，公眾官員必須保持最高倫理和道德標準。(同107)
110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.
除非是專家對於特定領域的批判，否則鮮少有其價值。(同108)
111. In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.
在任何專業領域--商業、政治、教育、政府，這些掌握權力的人們應該在五年後辭職、退休。(8, 111, 149)
122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.
最好的方式去了解一個社會的特質，是去檢視其視為英雄或是楷模的人們特質。
123. The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.
培養社會中年輕人在政府、企業或其他領域的領導能力，是藉由灌輸他們團隊精神，而非競爭。
126. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.
在大多數專業與學術的領域，想像力比知識更為重要。(同106)
127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.
對偉大的國家而言最正確的指標，不是展現於統治者、藝術家或科學家的成就，而是
由人民的一般福利表現的。(同28、類似145)
136. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.
教育機構應該積極地鼓勵他們的學生去選擇容易找工作學習的領域。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
145. The general welfare of a nation’s people is a better indication of that nation’s greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.
國家偉大與否較佳的指標是人民福祉，而不是統治者、藝術家或科學家的成就。(113, 127, 28, 145, 121)
148. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.
國家應該通過法案，去保存在他們的國家中任何遺留的野生環境。(10, 125, 148)
3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育機構有責任去勸阻學生學習他們不太可能成功的領域。(3, 35, 137)
4. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
醜聞在引起我們的注意於問題上，會比演說者或改革者有效的多了。
13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study.
大學應要求學生學習多種非自身領域的課程。(112, 3, 70, 46, 140, 102)
15. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.
教育機構應該積極地鼓勵他們的學生去選擇有利於從事多金行業的學習領域。(類似136)(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
29. The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
最好的教學辦法 – 不管以教育家、員工、或父母，是讚賞正面行為，並忽略負 面的(24類似)
30. Teachers’ salaries should be based on their students’ academic performance.
教師的薪水應該根據於學生的學術成就。(30 ,83)
32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
大學生應該以學習(研究)領域對於工作的可得性來選擇他們的學習。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.
社會中的個人，有責任去遵守公正的法律和不遵守並抵制不公正的法律。
84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.
現在已不再可能讓社會視任何當代的人為英雄。(類似75)
94. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by examining the well- being of that country’s citizens.
國家領導者的成效是由國民的福祉來驗證。(同147)
95. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children’s schools.
所有家長應被要求去他們孩子的學校當志工。(81, 95)
96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應該要求全部學生研習全國相同課程，直到進入大學。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
97. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
學院與大學應該要求它們的學生花至少一學期在國外學習。(82, 97, 100, 124)
99. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
人的所作所為絕大部分是受外力影響，而非出自於自由意志。(同11)
104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
成為一個有力的領導者，公眾官員必須保持最高倫理和道德標準。(同107)
110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.
除非是專家對於特定領域的批判，否則鮮少有其價值。(同108)
111. In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.
在任何專業領域--商業、政治、教育、政府，這些掌握權力的人們應該在五年後辭職、退休。(8, 111, 149)
122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.
最好的方式去了解一個社會的特質，是去檢視其視為英雄或是楷模的人們特質。
123. The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.
培養社會中年輕人在政府、企業或其他領域的領導能力，是藉由灌輸他們團隊精神，而非競爭。
126. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.
在大多數專業與學術的領域，想像力比知識更為重要。(同106)
127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.
對偉大的國家而言最正確的指標，不是展現於統治者、藝術家或科學家的成就，而是
由人民的一般福利表現的。(同28、類似145)
136. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.
教育機構應該積極地鼓勵他們的學生去選擇容易找工作學習的領域。(32, 15, 136, 39, 129, 26, 140, 98, 140)
145. The general welfare of a nation’s people is a better indication of that nation’s greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.
國家偉大與否較佳的指標是人民福祉，而不是統治者、藝術家或科學家的成就。(113, 127, 28, 145, 121)
148. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.
國家應該通過法案，去保存在他們的國家中任何遺留的野生環境。(10, 125, 148)
新制GRE-ISSUE題目翻譯分類(1)
I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. (54/149)
1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.當人們越仰賴科技解決問題時，人們獨立思考解決問題的能力也隨之下降。
2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.了解一個社會的特質，必須研究該國的主要城市。
9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
如果沒有過去該領域重大突破的影響，無論你在該領域付出多少努力，都不可能會有重大貢獻。
11. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. 人的所作所為絕大部分是受外力影響，而非出自於自由意志。(同99)
17. Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 正規教育限制我們心靈，而並非解放他們。
18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. 社會健全之加強，來自於人民質疑政府的權威。
21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.
法律在考慮各種情況、時間、地點下應該是要有彈性的。
24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
最好教導方式是稱讚好行為而忽略不好的行為。 (29類似)
26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.
富裕方便的現代生活阻礙人們成為強健獨立的個體。
27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. 在任何領域的研究調查上，新投入研究的人員會比權威更容易有重大貢獻。
28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.
所謂的偉大的國家是展現於一般人民的福利，而非展現於統治者、藝術家或科學家
的成就。(同121, 113, 127, 28、類似145)
33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.
當我們獲得更多知識時，事物並沒有變得更易理解，而是更複雜、神秘。
34. In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.
在任何情況，進步需要由有著相反意見的人們討論而得。
38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. 我們主要是藉由對社會團體的認同、關聯來給我們自己本身的腳色下定義。
41. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.
一個人的豐功偉業是由後世決定，而非與他們當代的人。
42. Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. 學生應該總是質疑他們被教授的內容而非只是被動的接受。
43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. 現今快速的生活步調造成更多的問題而非解決問題。
45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. 追求高成績嚴重限制了教學的品質無論是在那個層級的教育。
53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.
如果目標值得，那任何手段完成都是正當的。（為達目的可以不擇手段)
55. In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song — to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
任何藝術作品如果要有價值，如影片、小說、詩、歌，這些作品必須是多數人能了
解欣賞的
56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.
許多重要的發現或創新是偶然的；他們多半是在尋找問題答案時，偶然出現其他問 題的答案。
57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times. 讀歷史的最主要好處是可以消除現在人和以前人的生活型態有很大不同的幻覺。
58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.
學習主要是個人紀律，學生不可能單純只靠學校或大學的激勵。
62. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.
領導者由加諸在他們身上的需求所創造的。
63. There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.
社會花費巨大的金錢、精力去挽救瀕臨絕種的動物，並不符合
社會正義原則。(類似31, 63, 67)
64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.
人們的心智永遠超過機器，因為機器只是人類心智的工具。
66. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.
最忠於信念或政策、方針的人，通常也是對這些信念想法批判最烈的人。
71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.
年輕人應該被鼓勵去追求長遠而實際的目標，而非尋求立即的名聲和認同。(51)
74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. 了解過去不能幫助人們去做對現今時局的重大抉擇。
75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. 在現今透徹的媒體報導下，使得社會已經不可能將任何當代的人視為英雄。 (類似84)
76. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.
我們總是能能由與我門有相同概念的人學習多一點，相較於觀點與我門相左的人。
(118重複)
77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.
了解當代文化最有效的方法就是分析年輕人的時尚、趨勢。
78. People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.
人們的態度、看法多半由當下情況、環境所決定，而非由整體社會。
91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that they have more leisure time.
科技進步的主要目標應該是增進人們的效率，如此人們才會有更多的閒暇時間。
93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.
不幸的，在現代社會，創造出吸引人的形象已變得比在形象背後的真實、本質更為
重要。
101. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.
儘管創新事物，如，電視、電腦及網路，似乎給予學校進步的方法教導學生，然而
這些科技卻常偏離真實的學習。
103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.
最好的創意源自於對平常事物中的熱情、興趣
106. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.
在大多數專業與學術的領域，想像力比知識更為重要。(同126)
107. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.(同104)
做為一個有力的領導者，公眾的官員必須要保持最高的倫理和道德標準。
108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.
除非是專家對於特定領域的批判，否則鮮少有其價值。
(同110)
112. Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated. 確保學生真正受到教育培養最好的方法，就是要求學生修習
各種非自身領域的課程，(13類似, 70, 46, 140, 102)
114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.
任何容易受到大眾意見改變的領導者，將無所成就。
115. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.
政府官員應該依靠於自身的判斷，而不是毫無疑問地實現所服務的人民的意 願。 116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應該要求他的學生去學習全國一致的課程直到他們進入大學。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
117. It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are generated and preserved.
國家的傳統多半是被產生與保存於城市中。
118. We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. 我們總是能能由與我門有相同概念的人學習多一點，相較於觀點與我門相左的人。
(76重複)
119. When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.
當舊建築佇立的土地，現代規劃者覺得可以有更佳的現代目的使用時，現代發 展應給予優先發展，超過保存歷史建築。
124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (82, 97, 100, 124)
所有大學的學生將會從花至少一學期在外國學習中得到好處。
137. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育機構有責任去勸阻學生學習他們不太可能成功的領域。(3, 35, 137)
141. It is more harmful to compromise one’s own beliefs than to adhere to them.
對於自我信念的妥協帶來的傷害遠大於堅持。
143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.
除非經過吸收消化其他領域的知識經驗，否則在各領域的研究將難
有重大突破。
144. True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.
成功與否的評估主要是由自己設立的目標來衡量。
146. The best test of an argument is the argument’s ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.
對論證最好的測試便是有能力說服相反立場的人信服。
147. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country’s citizens.
國家領導者的成效最好的驗證便是該國民的福祉。
1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.當人們越仰賴科技解決問題時，人們獨立思考解決問題的能力也隨之下降。
2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.了解一個社會的特質，必須研究該國的主要城市。
9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
如果沒有過去該領域重大突破的影響，無論你在該領域付出多少努力，都不可能會有重大貢獻。
11. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. 人的所作所為絕大部分是受外力影響，而非出自於自由意志。(同99)
17. Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 正規教育限制我們心靈，而並非解放他們。
18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. 社會健全之加強，來自於人民質疑政府的權威。
21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.
法律在考慮各種情況、時間、地點下應該是要有彈性的。
24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
最好教導方式是稱讚好行為而忽略不好的行為。 (29類似)
26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.
富裕方便的現代生活阻礙人們成為強健獨立的個體。
27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. 在任何領域的研究調查上，新投入研究的人員會比權威更容易有重大貢獻。
28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.
所謂的偉大的國家是展現於一般人民的福利，而非展現於統治者、藝術家或科學家
的成就。(同121, 113, 127, 28、類似145)
33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.
當我們獲得更多知識時，事物並沒有變得更易理解，而是更複雜、神秘。
34. In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.
在任何情況，進步需要由有著相反意見的人們討論而得。
38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. 我們主要是藉由對社會團體的認同、關聯來給我們自己本身的腳色下定義。
41. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.
一個人的豐功偉業是由後世決定，而非與他們當代的人。
42. Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. 學生應該總是質疑他們被教授的內容而非只是被動的接受。
43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. 現今快速的生活步調造成更多的問題而非解決問題。
45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. 追求高成績嚴重限制了教學的品質無論是在那個層級的教育。
53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.
如果目標值得，那任何手段完成都是正當的。（為達目的可以不擇手段)
55. In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song — to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
任何藝術作品如果要有價值，如影片、小說、詩、歌，這些作品必須是多數人能了
解欣賞的
56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.
許多重要的發現或創新是偶然的；他們多半是在尋找問題答案時，偶然出現其他問 題的答案。
57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times. 讀歷史的最主要好處是可以消除現在人和以前人的生活型態有很大不同的幻覺。
58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.
學習主要是個人紀律，學生不可能單純只靠學校或大學的激勵。
62. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.
領導者由加諸在他們身上的需求所創造的。
63. There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.
社會花費巨大的金錢、精力去挽救瀕臨絕種的動物，並不符合
社會正義原則。(類似31, 63, 67)
64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.
人們的心智永遠超過機器，因為機器只是人類心智的工具。
66. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.
最忠於信念或政策、方針的人，通常也是對這些信念想法批判最烈的人。
71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.
年輕人應該被鼓勵去追求長遠而實際的目標，而非尋求立即的名聲和認同。(51)
74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. 了解過去不能幫助人們去做對現今時局的重大抉擇。
75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. 在現今透徹的媒體報導下，使得社會已經不可能將任何當代的人視為英雄。 (類似84)
76. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.
我們總是能能由與我門有相同概念的人學習多一點，相較於觀點與我門相左的人。
(118重複)
77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.
了解當代文化最有效的方法就是分析年輕人的時尚、趨勢。
78. People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.
人們的態度、看法多半由當下情況、環境所決定，而非由整體社會。
91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that they have more leisure time.
科技進步的主要目標應該是增進人們的效率，如此人們才會有更多的閒暇時間。
93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.
不幸的，在現代社會，創造出吸引人的形象已變得比在形象背後的真實、本質更為
重要。
101. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.
儘管創新事物，如，電視、電腦及網路，似乎給予學校進步的方法教導學生，然而
這些科技卻常偏離真實的學習。
103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.
最好的創意源自於對平常事物中的熱情、興趣
106. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.
在大多數專業與學術的領域，想像力比知識更為重要。(同126)
107. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.(同104)
做為一個有力的領導者，公眾的官員必須要保持最高的倫理和道德標準。
108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.
除非是專家對於特定領域的批判，否則鮮少有其價值。
(同110)
112. Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated. 確保學生真正受到教育培養最好的方法，就是要求學生修習
各種非自身領域的課程，(13類似, 70, 46, 140, 102)
114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.
任何容易受到大眾意見改變的領導者，將無所成就。
115. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.
政府官員應該依靠於自身的判斷，而不是毫無疑問地實現所服務的人民的意 願。 116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應該要求他的學生去學習全國一致的課程直到他們進入大學。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
117. It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are generated and preserved.
國家的傳統多半是被產生與保存於城市中。
118. We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. 我們總是能能由與我門有相同概念的人學習多一點，相較於觀點與我門相左的人。
(76重複)
119. When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.
當舊建築佇立的土地，現代規劃者覺得可以有更佳的現代目的使用時，現代發 展應給予優先發展，超過保存歷史建築。
124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (82, 97, 100, 124)
所有大學的學生將會從花至少一學期在外國學習中得到好處。
137. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育機構有責任去勸阻學生學習他們不太可能成功的領域。(3, 35, 137)
141. It is more harmful to compromise one’s own beliefs than to adhere to them.
對於自我信念的妥協帶來的傷害遠大於堅持。
143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.
除非經過吸收消化其他領域的知識經驗，否則在各領域的研究將難
有重大突破。
144. True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.
成功與否的評估主要是由自己設立的目標來衡量。
146. The best test of an argument is the argument’s ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.
對論證最好的測試便是有能力說服相反立場的人信服。
147. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country’s citizens.
國家領導者的成效最好的驗證便是該國民的福祉。
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