新制GRE-ISSUE題目翻譯分類(3)

I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (19/149)

5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.
主張：政府應該確保他們主要城市獲得財政支援它們繁榮所須。
理由：國家的文化傳統主要被保存於城市中。
8. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
主張：在任何領域中--商業、政治、教育、管理，那些掌權者應該在掌權五年後下台。
理由：對任何事業的復興，最正確的道路是藉由新領導風格(階層)的產生。(8, 111, 149)
22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals.
主張：最佳的辦法，去了解社會特質是檢視該社會視為英雄與模範的人們。
理由：英雄和模範顯現出一個社會最高的理想、典型。
40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.
主張：當規劃課程，教育者應該將學生的興趣與建議納入考量。
理由：當學生對於他們的學習有興趣時，會更有學習的動力。(40, 90)
44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.
主張：現在已不可能讓社會承認當代人是英雄。
理由：任何人的名聲都容易受媒體的檢閱將無可避免的被降低聲譽。


49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
主張：我們通常可以學到較多，由有共同想法的人們，而非想法牴觸者。
理由：意見不一會導致壓力與約束學習。
70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.
主張：大學應該要求學生學習非自身主修相關多樣化的課程。
理由：學到(養成)多樣化學科的知識是最好的方式去真正的受到教育。
79. Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.
主張：對論證最好的測試就是去說服那些持相反意見的人。
理由：只有藉由被迫去辯護想法，對抗他人的懷疑與不同的見解， 才會發現這個想法 的價值。
87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future. Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.
主張：當任何資訊被視為事實時應該保持懷疑，因為在未來它可能被證明是錯誤。
理由：許多資訊人們假設為真，事實上，結果證明為不精確的
88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people’s basic needs are not being met.
主張：國家應該暫緩政府資金在藝術方面，當她的人民多數是處於飢餓和失業時。
理由：在當人們的基本需求未被滿足時，動用公眾資源來補助藝術，是不適當的，甚至是
殘忍的。(88, 80)
89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people’s hearts or minds.
主張：許多現代社會問題無法靠法律和司法系統解決。
理由：法律無法改變人們心中的想法。
105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.
主張：想像力比經驗更有價值
理由：缺乏經驗的人可以自由的想像可能的事物，不被既定的習慣和看法限制。
113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.
主張：偉大國家的最好指標不是統治者、藝術家、或科學家的成就。
理由：偉大國家的最好指標事實上是人民的福祉、幸福。(28, 113, 127, 145, 121)

120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: Great achievements by a nation’s rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation’s people.
主張：偉大國家的最好指標必定是統治者、藝術家、或科學家的成就。
理由：統治者、藝術家、或科學家的偉大成就將會確保多數人的幸福。
131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application. Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
主張：研究者不該限制調查、研究於他們期盼會發現立即有實用應用的事。
理由：對於研究的預測是不可能有任何必然結果的。
133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.
主張：了解過去無法幫助人們做出重要的決定，今日。
理由：現在的世界比相對最近的過去更為複雜。
134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.
主張：了解過去無法幫助人們做出重要的決定，今日。
理由：我們無法做出現在事件和過去事件的連結，直到我們與兩者皆有一定時間後。
139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts. Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
主張：重要的政治決策應該永遠交給政治家或其他政府專家。
理由：政治家和政府專家有較多資訊，因此相較於其他一般大眾有較佳的判斷和觀點。
142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students. Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
主張：大學應該具指定所有的必修課程並消除選修課程，以提供學生明確的引導。
理由：大學生 – 如一般大眾一樣 -- 較喜歡聽從指示而非自己做決定。