I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. (54/149)
1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.當人們越仰賴科技解決問題時，人們獨立思考解決問題的能力也隨之下降。
2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.了解一個社會的特質，必須研究該國的主要城市。
9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
如果沒有過去該領域重大突破的影響，無論你在該領域付出多少努力，都不可能會有重大貢獻。
11. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. 人的所作所為絕大部分是受外力影響，而非出自於自由意志。(同99)
17. Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 正規教育限制我們心靈，而並非解放他們。
18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. 社會健全之加強，來自於人民質疑政府的權威。
21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.
法律在考慮各種情況、時間、地點下應該是要有彈性的。
24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.
最好教導方式是稱讚好行為而忽略不好的行為。 (29類似)
26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.
富裕方便的現代生活阻礙人們成為強健獨立的個體。
27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. 在任何領域的研究調查上，新投入研究的人員會比權威更容易有重大貢獻。
28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.
所謂的偉大的國家是展現於一般人民的福利，而非展現於統治者、藝術家或科學家
的成就。(同121, 113, 127, 28、類似145)
33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.
當我們獲得更多知識時，事物並沒有變得更易理解，而是更複雜、神秘。
34. In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.
在任何情況，進步需要由有著相反意見的人們討論而得。
38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. 我們主要是藉由對社會團體的認同、關聯來給我們自己本身的腳色下定義。
41. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.
一個人的豐功偉業是由後世決定，而非與他們當代的人。
42. Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. 學生應該總是質疑他們被教授的內容而非只是被動的接受。
43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. 現今快速的生活步調造成更多的問題而非解決問題。
45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. 追求高成績嚴重限制了教學的品質無論是在那個層級的教育。
53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.
如果目標值得，那任何手段完成都是正當的。（為達目的可以不擇手段)
55. In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song — to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
任何藝術作品如果要有價值，如影片、小說、詩、歌，這些作品必須是多數人能了
解欣賞的
56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.
許多重要的發現或創新是偶然的；他們多半是在尋找問題答案時，偶然出現其他問 題的答案。
57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times. 讀歷史的最主要好處是可以消除現在人和以前人的生活型態有很大不同的幻覺。
58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.
學習主要是個人紀律，學生不可能單純只靠學校或大學的激勵。
62. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.
領導者由加諸在他們身上的需求所創造的。
63. There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.
社會花費巨大的金錢、精力去挽救瀕臨絕種的動物，並不符合
社會正義原則。(類似31, 63, 67)
64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.
人們的心智永遠超過機器，因為機器只是人類心智的工具。
66. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.
最忠於信念或政策、方針的人，通常也是對這些信念想法批判最烈的人。
71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.
年輕人應該被鼓勵去追求長遠而實際的目標，而非尋求立即的名聲和認同。(51)
74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. 了解過去不能幫助人們去做對現今時局的重大抉擇。
75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. 在現今透徹的媒體報導下，使得社會已經不可能將任何當代的人視為英雄。 (類似84)
76. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.
我們總是能能由與我門有相同概念的人學習多一點，相較於觀點與我門相左的人。
(118重複)
77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.
了解當代文化最有效的方法就是分析年輕人的時尚、趨勢。
78. People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.
人們的態度、看法多半由當下情況、環境所決定，而非由整體社會。
91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that they have more leisure time.
科技進步的主要目標應該是增進人們的效率，如此人們才會有更多的閒暇時間。
93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.
不幸的，在現代社會，創造出吸引人的形象已變得比在形象背後的真實、本質更為
重要。
101. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.
儘管創新事物，如，電視、電腦及網路，似乎給予學校進步的方法教導學生，然而
這些科技卻常偏離真實的學習。
103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.
最好的創意源自於對平常事物中的熱情、興趣
106. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.
在大多數專業與學術的領域，想像力比知識更為重要。(同126)
107. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.(同104)
做為一個有力的領導者，公眾的官員必須要保持最高的倫理和道德標準。
108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.
除非是專家對於特定領域的批判，否則鮮少有其價值。
(同110)
112. Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated. 確保學生真正受到教育培養最好的方法，就是要求學生修習
各種非自身領域的課程，(13類似, 70, 46, 140, 102)
114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.
任何容易受到大眾意見改變的領導者，將無所成就。
115. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.
政府官員應該依靠於自身的判斷，而不是毫無疑問地實現所服務的人民的意 願。 116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
國家應該要求他的學生去學習全國一致的課程直到他們進入大學。(6, 14, 47, 96, 116)
117. It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are generated and preserved.
國家的傳統多半是被產生與保存於城市中。
118. We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. 我們總是能能由與我門有相同概念的人學習多一點，相較於觀點與我門相左的人。
(76重複)
119. When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.
當舊建築佇立的土地，現代規劃者覺得可以有更佳的現代目的使用時，現代發 展應給予優先發展，超過保存歷史建築。
124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (82, 97, 100, 124)
所有大學的學生將會從花至少一學期在外國學習中得到好處。
137. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育機構有責任去勸阻學生學習他們不太可能成功的領域。(3, 35, 137)
141. It is more harmful to compromise one’s own beliefs than to adhere to them.
對於自我信念的妥協帶來的傷害遠大於堅持。
143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.
除非經過吸收消化其他領域的知識經驗，否則在各領域的研究將難
有重大突破。
144. True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.
成功與否的評估主要是由自己設立的目標來衡量。
146. The best test of an argument is the argument’s ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.
對論證最好的測試便是有能力說服相反立場的人信服。
147. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country’s citizens.
國家領導者的成效最好的驗證便是該國民的福祉。
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