2011年8月31日 星期三

新制GRE-ISSUE題目翻譯分類(3)

I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (19/149)

5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.
主張:政府應該確保他們主要城市獲得財政支援它們繁榮所須。
理由:國家的文化傳統主要被保存於城市中。
8. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
主張:在任何領域中--商業、政治、教育、管理,那些掌權者應該在掌權五年後下台。
理由:對任何事業的復興,最正確的道路是藉由新領導風格(階層)的產生。(8, 111, 149)
22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals.
主張:最佳的辦法,去了解社會特質是檢視該社會視為英雄與模範的人們。
理由:英雄和模範顯現出一個社會最高的理想、典型。
40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.
主張:當規劃課程,教育者應該將學生的興趣與建議納入考量。
理由:當學生對於他們的學習有興趣時,會更有學習的動力。(40, 90)
44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.
主張:現在已不可能讓社會承認當代人是英雄。
理由:任何人的名聲都容易受媒體的檢閱將無可避免的被降低聲譽。


49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
主張:我們通常可以學到較多,由有共同想法的人們,而非想法牴觸者。
理由:意見不一會導致壓力與約束學習。
70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.
主張:大學應該要求學生學習非自身主修相關多樣化的課程。
理由:學到(養成)多樣化學科的知識是最好的方式去真正的受到教育。
79. Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.
主張:對論證最好的測試就是去說服那些持相反意見的人。
理由:只有藉由被迫去辯護想法,對抗他人的懷疑與不同的見解, 才會發現這個想法 的價值。
87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future. Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.
主張:當任何資訊被視為事實時應該保持懷疑,因為在未來它可能被證明是錯誤。
理由:許多資訊人們假設為真,事實上,結果證明為不精確的
88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people’s basic needs are not being met.
主張:國家應該暫緩政府資金在藝術方面,當她的人民多數是處於飢餓和失業時。
理由:在當人們的基本需求未被滿足時,動用公眾資源來補助藝術,是不適當的,甚至是
殘忍的。(88, 80)
89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people’s hearts or minds.
主張:許多現代社會問題無法靠法律和司法系統解決。
理由:法律無法改變人們心中的想法。
105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.
主張:想像力比經驗更有價值
理由:缺乏經驗的人可以自由的想像可能的事物,不被既定的習慣和看法限制。
113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.
主張:偉大國家的最好指標不是統治者、藝術家、或科學家的成就。
理由:偉大國家的最好指標事實上是人民的福祉、幸福。(28, 113, 127, 145, 121)

120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: Great achievements by a nation’s rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation’s people.
主張:偉大國家的最好指標必定是統治者、藝術家、或科學家的成就。
理由:統治者、藝術家、或科學家的偉大成就將會確保多數人的幸福。
131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application. Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
主張:研究者不該限制調查、研究於他們期盼會發現立即有實用應用的事。
理由:對於研究的預測是不可能有任何必然結果的。
133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.
主張:了解過去無法幫助人們做出重要的決定,今日。
理由:現在的世界比相對最近的過去更為複雜。
134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.
主張:了解過去無法幫助人們做出重要的決定,今日。
理由:我們無法做出現在事件和過去事件的連結,直到我們與兩者皆有一定時間後。
139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts. Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
主張:重要的政治決策應該永遠交給政治家或其他政府專家。
理由:政治家和政府專家有較多資訊,因此相較於其他一般大眾有較佳的判斷和觀點。
142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students. Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
主張:大學應該具指定所有的必修課程並消除選修課程,以提供學生明確的引導。
理由:大學生 – 如一般大眾一樣 -- 較喜歡聽從指示而非自己做決定。

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